The last office which Popery performs for living men is to
give them "extreme unction," to anoint them in
the name of the Lord, after they have been shriven and absolved,
and thus to prepare them for their last and unseen journey. The
pretence for this "unction" of dying men is
professedly taken from a command of James in regard to the
visitation of the sick; but when the passage in question is
fairly quoted it will be seen that such a practice could never
have arisen from the apostolic direction--that it must have come
from an entirely different source. "Is any sick among
you?" says James (v. 14, 15), "let him call
for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him,
anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord: and the prayer of
faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall RAISE HIM UP."
Now, it is evident that this prayer and anointing were intended
for the recovery of the sick. Apostolic men, for the laying of
the foundations of the Christian Church, were, by their great
King and Head, invested with miraculous powers--powers which were
intended only for a time, and were destined, as the apostles
themselves declared, while exercising them, to "vanish
away" (1 Cor. xiii. 8). These powers were every day
exercised by the "elders of the Church," when
James wrote his epistle, and that for healing the bodies of men,
even as our Lord Himself did. The "extreme unction"
of Rome, as the very expression itself declares, is not
intended for any such purpose. It is not intended for healing the
sick, or "raising them up;" for it is not on
any account to be administered till all hope of recovery is gone,
and death is visible at the very doors. As the object of this
anointing is the very opposite of the Scriptural anointing, it
must have come from a quite different quarter. The quarter is the
very same from which the Papacy has imported so much heathenism,
as we have seen already, into its own foul bosom. From the
Chaldean Mysteries, extreme unction has obviously come. Among the
many names of the Babylonian god was the name "Beel-samen,"
"Lord of Heaven," * which is the name of the sun,
but also of course of the sun-god. But Beel-samen also properly
signifies "Lord of Oil," and was evidently
intended as a synonym of the Divine name, "The
Messiah." In Herodotus we find a statement made which
this name alone can fully explain. There an individual is
represented as having dreamt that the sun had anointed her
father. * That the sun should anoint any one is certainly not an
idea that could naturally have presented itself; but when the
name "Beel-samen," "Lord of Heaven," is
seen also to signify "Lord of Oil," it is easy
to see how that idea would be suggested. This also accounts for
the fact that the body of the Babylonian Belus was represented as
having been preserved in his sepulchre in Babylon till the time
of Xerxes, floating in oil. * and for the same reason, no doubt,
it was that at Rome the "statue of Saturn" was
made hollow, and "filled with oil." *
The olive branch, which we have already seen have been one of
the symbols of the Chaldean god, had evidently the same
hieroglyphical meaning; for, as the olive was the oil-tree, so an
olive branch emblematically signified a "son of
oil," or an "anointed one" (Zech.
iv. 12-14). Hence the reason that the Greeks, in coming before
their gods in the attitude of supplicants deprecating their wrath
and entreating their favour, came to the temple on many occasions
bearing an olive branch in their hands. As the olive branch was
one of the recognised symbols of their Messiah, whose great
mission it was to make peace between God and man, so, in bearing
this branch of the anointed one, they thereby testified that in
the name of that anointed one they came seeking peace. Now, the
worshippers of this Beel-samen, "Lord of Heaven," and
"Lord of Oil," were anointed in the name of
their god. It was not enough that they were anointed with
"spittle"; they were also anointed with "magical
ointments" of the most powerful kind; and these
ointments were the means of introducing into their bodily systems
such drugs as tended to excite their imaginations and add to the
power of the magical drinks they received, that they might be
prepared for the visions and revelations that were to be made to
them in the Mysteries. These "unctions," says
Salverte, "were exceedingly frequent in the ancient
ceremonies.....Before consulting the oracle of Trophonius, they
were rubbed with oil over the whole body. This preparation
certainly concurred to product the desired vision. Before being
admitted to the Mysteries of the Indian sages, Apollonius and his
companion were rubbed with an oil so powerful that they felt as
if bathed with fire." * This was professedly an unction
in the name of the "Lord of Heaven," to fit
and prepare them for being admitted in vision into his awful
presence. The very same reason that suggested such an unction
before initiation on this present scene of things, would
naturally plead more powerfully still for a special "unction"
when the individual was called, not in vision, but in
reality, to face the "Mystery of mysteries," his
personal introduction into the world unseen and eternal. Thus the
Pagan system naturally developed itself into "extreme
unction." * Its votaries were anointed for their last
journey, that by the double influence of superstition and
powerful stimulants introduced into the frame by the only way in
which it might then be possible, their minds might be fortified
at once against the sense of guilt and the assaults of the king
of terrors. From this source, and this alone, there can be no
doubt came the "extreme unction" of the
Papacy, which was entirely unknown among Christians till
corruption was far advanced in the Church. *